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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' understanding and ability to draw on relational affordances as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. Researchers from TS and ZL for instance mentioned their local professor relationship as a major factor in their decision to stay clear of criticism of a strict professor (see the example 2). This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic topics including: Discourse Construction Tests The discourse completion test (DCT) is an instrument that is widely used in research that is based on pragmatic principles. It has many strengths but it also has some disadvantages. The DCT, for example, does not take into account individual and cultural variations. Furthermore it is also the case that the DCT is susceptible to bias and could lead to overgeneralizations. This is why it is important to analyze it carefully before it is used for research or assessment purposes. Despite its limitations the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps can be a benefit. This can assist researchers study the role of prosody in communication across cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics, the DCT is now one of the primary tools to analyze learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to investigate a variety of issues that include politeness, turn taking, and lexical selection. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of the learners' speech. Recent research used an DCT as an instrument to test the refusal skills of EFL students. 프라그마틱 were presented with an array of scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the choices provided. The authors found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like a questionnaire or video recordings. Researchers cautioned, however, that the DCT must be used with caution. They also suggested using other methods for data collection. DCTs can be developed using specific language requirements, like the form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test developers. They are not necessarily precise, and they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually reject requests in actual interactions. This issue requires more research on alternative methods of assessing refusal competency. In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses of an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT was more direct and traditionally indirect request forms, and a lesser use of hints than email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners making pragmatic choices when using Korean. It employed various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions, and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate proficiency who gave responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also required to provide reflections on their evaluations and refusals in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs often resisted native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four main factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relational benefits. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data was first analyzed to determine the participants' choices in practice. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the choices were matched with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine whether they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees were also required to explain why they chose an atypical behavior in certain situations. The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and Z-tests. It was found that CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This is likely due to their lack of experience with the target language which resulted in an inadequate understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference for converging to L1 norms or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14, they favored converging to L1 norms. The RIs further revealed that the CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one within two days after the participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribing, and then coded by two coders from different companies. Coding was an iterative process in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The coding results were then evaluated against the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how the RIs accurately portrayed the core behaviors. Interviews for refusal The central issue in research on pragmatics is: why do some learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study sought to answer this question by using a variety of experimental tools, including DCTs, MQs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to perform the DCTs in their first language and complete the MQs in either their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs disapproved of the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40% of their answers. They did this even though they were able to produce patterns that closely resembled native speakers. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors such as their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, such as relationships and advantages. They described, for example how their relations with their professors enabled them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and social standards of their university. However, the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and consequences that they could be subject to if they violated the local social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might view them as “foreignersand believe that they are ignorant. This worry was similar to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They may still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the usefulness of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will help them better understand the effect of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of students in L2. This will also aid educators create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is a research method that focuses on in-depth, participant-centered investigations to study a specific subject. It is a method that utilizes numerous sources of data to support the findings, including interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. This kind of research can be used to study complicated or unique issues that are difficult to other methods to assess. The first step in a case study is to define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to identify what aspects of the subject should be studied and which aspects can be left out. It is also helpful to review the existing literature to gain a general understanding of the subject and place the case within a larger theoretical framework. This case study was built on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], as well as its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely susceptible to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to add their own words or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their answers. Moreover, 라이브 카지노 of this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year of university and were hoping to achieve level 6 for their next test. They were required to answer questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness. The interviewees were presented with two scenarios, each involving an imagined interaction with their interactants and were asked to select one of the following strategies when making a request. They were then asked to explain the reasons behind their decision. Most of the participants attributed their lack of a pragmatic response to their personality. For instance, TS claimed that she was difficult to talk to, and she therefore was reluctant to inquire about the well-being of her friend with a heavy workload, even though she believed that native Koreans would do this.